Panama

Panama's group stage exit was as comprehensive as the record suggests — three defeats, no goals scored, and a closing loss to England that was settled efficiently in a five-minute spell midway through the second half, Bellingham and Kane putting the game to bed without drama or late anxiety. They finish bottom of Group L with nothing to show from their three outings, and whatever hope they carried into the tournament evaporated long before the knockout rounds began. A familiar story for Central American football at this level: the gap between qualifying and competing proved too wide to bridge.

Knocked out — the road ended in the group stage this time.